The Symposium, by Plato
With commentary from Plato at the Googleplex, by Rebecca Goldstein
***
Considering that Socrates
never wrote down a word about his life’s work as a philosopher, I have to
wonder how he would have made of the virtual genre that writing about him would
become after his death. Among other scribblers, two of his greatest students,
Plato and the soldier-historian Xenophon, would each write an account of the famous party that is the subject of The Symposium. Although Xenophon, like Plato, would have been far too young to
have attended such a stag drinking party in circa 422 BCE, Xenophon wrote
himself into his version of the event. Plato did not. And yet, if not for Plato's re-creation of the event, readers might never have heard of it. He was the
unseen, unguessed-at guest at the world’s most famous party.
So who was Plato? For a
thinker and writer whose works laid the foundation for the discipline of
philosophy, still being read nearly 2,400 after his death, strangely little is
known about his life. He actually expressed reluctance even to write, worrying
that writing things down would take the place of actual learning.
Even his name has been in
doubt, with one biographer asserting that the philosopher had actually been
named Aristocles and that Plato, meaning “broad” was a nickname bestowed either
because of his muscular physique (he had apparently considered becoming a
professional wrestler in his youth) or from other physical or intellectual
qualities.
Still another biographer
wrote that Plato originally hoped for a career as a playwright. (For this
biographical information, I am indebted to Rebecca Newberger Goldstein’s very
accessible discussion in Plato at the Googleplex: Why Philosophy Won’t Go Away.)
All biographers agree,
however, that any thought of careers either in athletics or drama flew out the
window once Plato, as a young man, fell under the influence of Socrates. The
older man’s execution by Athenians in agony over their city’s defeat in the
Peloponnesian Wars forever scarred Plato.
As Goldstein writes,
“Socrates’ fate at the hands of the democracy – his death sentence, like the
guilty verdict, was the result of popular vote – might have had as much to do
with (Plato’s) dim view of humanity as it did with his turning to philosophy in
the first place. . . Because there had been such a man as Socrates, Plato could
convince himself that human life was worth caring about. But I suspect that for
him it did take convincing.”
It was through the
dramatic structure of Plato’s dialogues, in which Socrates or at least his
understanding of Socrates, played a part, that he wrestled intellectually and
emotionally with the conflict between the good and evil in human beings, and in
all of creation.
And because Socrates had
loved to converse with people in all walks of life, Plato’s dialogues are for
the most part taken from scenes of daily life and often peopled with historical
characters. Instead of writing plays about gods and ancient heroes, Plato
would, effectively, write plays in dialogue between real people set in their
everyday world.
To illustrate the effect
Plato’s settings, mundane for their time, Goldstein alternates his discussion
of Plato’s place in philosophy with Platonically-influenced dialogues set in
our time, such as “Plato at the 92nd Street Y,” Plato as an advice
columnist’s consultant, as a guest on a cable news network and, yes, on a book
tour at Google Inc.’s corporate headquarters. It’s a visit that afterward still
gives “media escort” Cheryl fits as she relates her experience with this very
strange author Plato and with the questions his questions raised, to her friend
over a few Long Island Iced Teas.
(And speaking of iced teas,
last Friday’s discussion of The Symposium
broke off as the guests at that long-ago party were discussing their alcoholic
intake. Next Friday, Adventure classics will return to the party to hear the
rest of the discussion, including an inspiredly goofy allegory of love by one
of its guests.)
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