Review: The science of war – horrifying and curious

Review of: Grunt: The Curious Science of Humans at War

Author: Mary Roach

Publisher: W.W. Norton & Company

Source: Dallas Public Library

Grade: A

You won’t find specs for the newest weapons in Mary Roach’s Grunt: The Curious Science of Humans at War. Ditto, don’t expect tips on how to become a Navy SEAL without actually going through the process, or how to win a ground war in Asia, or messy pictures of dead terror suspects. As the subtitle says, Roach focuses on gathering the kind of curious (i.e. oddball) science you’ll never see in any other military volume.

From heralding the contributions of chickens and swine, to concocting the vilest smells ever to delight a little boy’s heart, to restoring the manhood of soldiers who’ve suffered the unkindest shot of all, Roach leaves little to the imagination.

And she writes in a compulsively readable style, even when dealing with the horrific, as when she watches cadavers (donated for the purpose by their late inhabitants) being prepped to test the effects of an exploding vehicle. (Automotive crash test dummies proved incapable of dealing with the vertical impact of blasts from beneath a vehicle. T

he U.S. Army hopes to have its version of a crash dummy available by 2021.)

As scientists arrange the cadavers, clad head to foot in Lycra body suits that cover their faces, Roach muses on “this strange job that only they, as dead people, are qualified to do. To feel no pain, to accept broken bones without care or consequence, is a kind of superpower. The form-fitting Lycra costumes, it occurs to me, are utterly appropriate.”

Not everyone agrees with her.

A complaint that “personal beliefs had been affronted” almost shut down such a test in 2007. At least, the scrutiny has, in the words of a source, it’s raised awareness about the risks soldiers are facing. Or in Roach’s words, “maybe they’ll worry a little less about the dead and a little more about the living.”

If this, or the discussion of testing uniforms capable of withstanding the heat of a nuclear blast (anesthetized swine stood in for soldiers on that one), or of penile transplants (still in the experimental stage) prove too distressing, take a break with Grunt’s chapter on seriously bad smells.

Stinks as chemical weapons? Originally intended to deodorize open air latrines, stenches were considered as possible ways to demoralize German and Japanese officers in occupied countries during World War II, and as a means to benignly disperse violent mobs. They even morphed into possible shark repellents (more about that later.)

Surprisingly, it’s tough to compound “the universally condemned smell,” a research told Roach. The closest so far is one named U.S. Government Standard Bathroom Malodor, named for its developer, not its source, Roach assures her readers.

In product testing, another stench labeled Sewage Odor was described by 20 percent of Caucasians, Asians and black South Africans as smelling edible. Three percent of Caucasians tested were even willing to wear the charmingly labelled “Vomit Odor” as a scent.

If humans sometimes find vile smells attractive, the odors proved useless as shark repellents. Maybe it's the dilution effect. As one researcher said, “You can’t do much with a pint of liquid in an ocean.”

But although Roach participated in a heat endurance test with Navy SEALs, sat through a discussion of autopsy photos, took a cruise on a submarine armed with nuclear warheads, and played a wounded victim in a training scenario for combat medics, strangely enough, she never volunteered to swim with what a shipwrecked World War II sailor described as “the boys with the peculiar dorsal fins.”

Somehow, Roach also finds space in this relatively short volume (272 pages, not including acknowledgements and bibliography) to discuss encounters between aircraft and turkey vultures, fashion trends in uniforms, hearing loss, humans’ love-hate affair with insects, how to escape (or not) from a downed submarine, sleep deprivation, and, a topic only Roach, who’s written about the human alimentary canal from top to bottom, would broach – diarrhea. Could this age-old military scourge affect national security? The answer she receives from a Special Forces operative who remains anonymous (for more reasons than one) may startle readers.

(So many military books have piled up on my to-read list, this week leading up the Glorious Fourth is beginning to look like war week. Stay tuned for reviews of Mark McCurley’s Hunter Killer and Lee Child’s Night School.)

Review: Does anyone still remember Osama bin Laden?

Review of: The Finish: The Killing of Osama bin Laden

Author: Mark Bowden

Publisher: Atlantic Monthly Press

Source: Dallas Public Library

Grade: A

In retrospect, it sounds nostalgically naïve: the notion that finding Osama bin Laden, the man behind the 9/11 attacks, would signal the beginning of the end of terrorism. In an era when bin Laden’s al Qaeda organization has been superseded by organizations more vicious and fratricidal than anything bin Laden himself ever imagined, I wondered if there were still any lessons the rest of us can learn from the long, brutal search for the elusive Saudi jihadist. In The Finish: The Killing of Osama bin Laden, Mark Bowden, bestselling author of Black Hawk Down, provides some answers to that question, as well as the most balanced treatment I have seen of the hunt for bin Laden and its immediate aftermath.

Granted, when The Finish was published in 2012, there was still hope that the popular uprisings of the Arab Spring would sweep away the dictators and demagogues who had long plagued the Middle East. Hope that terrorism would wane with the decimation of al Qaeda’s leadership by U.S. and coalition drones, and the increasing disgust of Sunni adherents over attacks that killed far more fellow Muslims than American soldiers.

And although those hopes have been dashed, there were some lasting benefits from the long hunt, if only in developing new ways to make war in the 21^st century.

Bowden begins with a prologue: the capture of a massive cache of information – references to “names, photos, travel documents, expense reports for phone cards, clothing, vehicles, fuel, money transfers, and many other detailed documents. . . For centuries, the basic tactics of infantry warfare were ‘fire and maneuver’”. For this century, ‘information and intelligence is the fire and maneuver.’” Cracking the captured data cache helped solidify the importance of intelligence gathering and its analysis by high-capability computers in the role of warfare.

Bowden also documents the ideological evolution and eventual rise of Barack Obama following 9/11 and bin Laden’s parallel rise from rich-kid financier of jihadis against the armies of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan (and fall) to man on the run by the end of the decade following the 9/11 attacks.

Meanwhile, beyond intelligence gathering and analysis, the U.S. was developing two significant weapons against bin Laden and al Qaeda, weapons that would prove their usefulness – and their limitations – repeatedly.

One such set of weapons were the remotely-piloted aircraft commonly known as drones. Their capabilities evolved from long-term aerial spying into carriers of missiles able to hit target

s with limited potential for loss of civilian life. And no physical danger at all to their pilots, housed miles, even oceans away from where the drones were deployed.

The other weapon was an array of special operations forces whose “principles of the lightning raid – simple, secret, and well rehearsed, executed with surprise, speed, and purpose” would bring down bin Laden himself in his compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Until little more than a month before the raid on May 1, 2011, Obama and his advisers had debated whether to use a drone strike or special ops – in this case, a team of Navy SEALS – to attack bin Laden. The decision went to the SEALS.

The raid itself, from the time military helicopters flying from Afghanistan reached the Abbottabad compound, until they look off again, took approximately 30 minutes. It left four men dead -- bin Laden, one of his adult sons, and two other men living at the compound. The wife of one of the men unrelated to bin Laden was also dead, and bin Laden’s youngest wife was wounded. No Americans were injured.

In America, people danced in the streets at the news of bin Laden’s death. Meanwhile, more would-be terrorists waited, perhaps glad the old man was dead, but eager to snatch his bloody mantle for themselves. 

***

I've spent this week catching up on reading and reviews. Tomorrow, something lighter: Christopher Andersen's deliciously dishy Game of Crowns: Elizabeth, Camilla, Kate, and the Throne.